Concepts
Core citation concepts: in-text citations, hanging indents, annotated bibliographies, works cited vs bibliography, plagiarism, and style choice.
- Annotated Bibliography: Format, Examples, and How to Write One Learn what an annotated bibliography is, how annotation types differ, and how to format one in APA, MLA, and Chicago with worked examples.
- Avoiding Plagiarism: Rules, Gray Areas, Prevention Habits Avoid plagiarism with clear rules for quoting, paraphrasing, AI assistance, self-plagiarism, secondary sources, and building a research trail.
- Hanging Indents: Examples for Word, Google Docs, Pages, LaTeX Hanging indent examples for Word, Google Docs, Pages, LaTeX, and CSS, with the half-inch reference-list format used across major citation styles.
- How to Cite a Website with No Date in MLA (+ Access Dates) MLA has no n.d.: omit the missing date and add an access date like "Accessed 4 July 2026." after the URL. Works-cited and in-text examples, plus APA contrast.
- How to Cite Multiple Authors in MLA: Two, Three or More (Et Al.) MLA rules for multiple authors: name both for two, use et al. for three or more — in-text and Works Cited — with MLA 9 examples and an APA contrast.
- How to Cite Multiple Works by the Same Author in MLA (9th Edition) MLA rules for two or more works by one author: the three hyphens (---) rule in the works cited list, shortened titles in-text, and official MLA 9 examples.
- In-Text Citations: Format, Rules, and How They Differ Across Styles How in-text citations work across author-date, author-page, and numeric styles, with page-number rules, et al. thresholds, and no-author examples.
- MLA Citation with No Author: In-Text & Works Cited Examples No author in MLA? Start with the title — never "Anonymous." In-text and Works Cited examples for websites, articles, and organizations as authors.
- Qtd. in MLA: How to Cite a Source Quoted in Another Source How to use "qtd. in" for MLA indirect sources: in-text citation examples, which source goes in the Works Cited, and official MLA Handbook 9 rules.
- Works Cited vs Bibliography vs References Learn when to use Works Cited, References, or Bibliography, what belongs in each list, and which heading APA, MLA, Chicago, and other styles require.